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Effects of nitrogen supply and drought on wheat grain quality under the ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide
Moravcová, Gabriela ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with effects of nitrogen supply, drought and UV radiation on wheat grain quality under the ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide. The theoretical part deals with the global climate changes, greenhouse gases and especially with effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on plants. Also, it is dealt with effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on the wheat grain quality. In the experimental part nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method, contents of dry and wet gluten, Zeleny test, falling number and content of starch in the wheat samples were determined. The results of this study confirmed affecting the quality of the wheat grain from the elevated concentrations of CO2, nitrogen fertilization, drought and UV radiation. The most evident was the influence of nitrogen nutrition, fertilization positively affected the quality of grain, there was an increase in content of crude protein, gluten content, value of Zeleny sedimentation test, and falling number. As a result of the increase in protein content was also a decrease in starch content. Due to increased levels of carbon dioxide protein content and gluten, Zeleny sedimentation test values and falling number decreased and conversely starch content increased. The decrease of Zeleny sedimentation test by the influence of elevated CO2 concentration was fully compensated by nitrogen fertilization.
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Influence of carbon dioxide elevated concentration on wheat flour quality
Drahovzalová, Kateřina ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis studied the influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the properties of ears, grain and flour in two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The Vánek and Septima varieties were grown in special greenhouses, both in normal atmosphere with carbon dioxide concentration (AC = 385 ?mol?mol-1), and at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC = 700 ?mol?mol-1). Quantitative analysis of grain (the content of crude protein, starch, moisture and hardness of grain) was carried out using NIR, gluten content (gluten index) was determined after washing with water and gluten quality was expressed as falling number. Total crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl, total amino acids and amino acids content by ion exchange chromatography. Variety Vánek showed significantly larger size of the spikes, more grains and higher grain weight, when it was cultivated in the atmosphere of elevated CO2 concentration. For variety Septima, the size of AC and EC ear variants was comparable, but the ears of corn grown in the EC had a significantly greater number of grains and greater weight. Vánek variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had lower weight of 100 grains, Septima variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had greater weight of 100 grains. The varieties Vánek and Septima grown at elevated CO2 concentration showed significantly lower content of crude protein (28.4%) and gluten index (by 34.6%). In comparison with the AC variant, EC also showed lower overall content of crude protein and amino acids.
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Effects of nitrogen supply and drought on wheat grain quality under the ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide
Moravcová, Gabriela ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with effects of nitrogen supply, drought and UV radiation on wheat grain quality under the ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide. The theoretical part deals with the global climate changes, greenhouse gases and especially with effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on plants. Also, it is dealt with effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on the wheat grain quality. In the experimental part nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method, contents of dry and wet gluten, Zeleny test, falling number and content of starch in the wheat samples were determined. The results of this study confirmed affecting the quality of the wheat grain from the elevated concentrations of CO2, nitrogen fertilization, drought and UV radiation. The most evident was the influence of nitrogen nutrition, fertilization positively affected the quality of grain, there was an increase in content of crude protein, gluten content, value of Zeleny sedimentation test, and falling number. As a result of the increase in protein content was also a decrease in starch content. Due to increased levels of carbon dioxide protein content and gluten, Zeleny sedimentation test values and falling number decreased and conversely starch content increased. The decrease of Zeleny sedimentation test by the influence of elevated CO2 concentration was fully compensated by nitrogen fertilization.
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Influence of carbon dioxide elevated concentration on wheat flour quality
Drahovzalová, Kateřina ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis studied the influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the properties of ears, grain and flour in two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The Vánek and Septima varieties were grown in special greenhouses, both in normal atmosphere with carbon dioxide concentration (AC = 385 ?mol?mol-1), and at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC = 700 ?mol?mol-1). Quantitative analysis of grain (the content of crude protein, starch, moisture and hardness of grain) was carried out using NIR, gluten content (gluten index) was determined after washing with water and gluten quality was expressed as falling number. Total crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl, total amino acids and amino acids content by ion exchange chromatography. Variety Vánek showed significantly larger size of the spikes, more grains and higher grain weight, when it was cultivated in the atmosphere of elevated CO2 concentration. For variety Septima, the size of AC and EC ear variants was comparable, but the ears of corn grown in the EC had a significantly greater number of grains and greater weight. Vánek variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had lower weight of 100 grains, Septima variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had greater weight of 100 grains. The varieties Vánek and Septima grown at elevated CO2 concentration showed significantly lower content of crude protein (28.4%) and gluten index (by 34.6%). In comparison with the AC variant, EC also showed lower overall content of crude protein and amino acids.
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